| |
Neural network fundamentals were published by Mc Culloch and Pitts in 1943 with their description of the "formal neuron". In early 1960 Rosenblatt published the Perceptron which stimulated interest in neural networks. Shortly after, MIT Professors Papert and Minsky pointed out sharp limitations of the Perceptron which sent the discipline to the Dark Age. Neural networks resurrected in 1988 after a study conducted by Professor Bernard Widrow for the US DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Project Agency) which led to a milestone book titled "DARPA Neural Network Study" and a major conference in Washington DC USA. A quote of the book stated that if there is no implementation on silicon, neural network will go back to the Dark Age. This is mostly what happened. Software neural networks do not bring significant improvement over well-known and well-refined statistical analyses such as PCA or others.
In 1993, a Recognetics co-founder, invented and developed the CogniMem underlying architecture with IBM Corp. The classifier is based on the compound classifier model (analog implementation) initially described by Professor Bruce Batchelor (Cardiff University) and later refined and implemented digitally by Nobel Laureate Professor Leon Cooper, Douglas L. Reilly and all, giving birth to the Restricted Coulomb Energy (RCE) neural network, a variety of Radial Basis Function (RBF). The RCE has been widely mentioned in the DARPA Neural Network study. Its first implementation of the chip was marketed under the IBM registered mark ZISC (Zero Instruction Set Computer) with a first instantiation ZISC 36 (36 neurons, 64-byte neuron memory, 1 micron silicon geometry) in 1993 and ZISC78 (78 neurons, 64-byte neuron memory, 0.25 micron silicon geometry) in 2002. The architecture was awarded numerous international patents granted to IBM and Guy. Recognetics is providing a major paradigm shift introducing CM1K (CogniMem 1024 neurons) which is the powerful successor of ZISC, with 1024 neurons, 256-byte neuron memory and additional functions such as video signature logic and two wires communication. |
